Unpacking the gig economy: key enablers and barriers for gig work – a systematic review and future research directions

• 
  By Subhendu Patnaik
  Assistant Professor

  Co-Authors
  Shipra Shaiwalini, Doctoral Scholar At Institute Of Management Technology, Ghaziabad
  

  Journal : Personnel Review
  Publisher : Emerald Group Publishing

Article citation: Shaiwalini, S., & Patnaik, S. (2025). Unpacking the gig economy: Key enablers and barriers for gig work – A systematic review and future research directions. Personnel Review, 54(6), 1538–1566.

Abstract

Purpose

This study systematically reviews and synthesizes existing literature on gig work to identify its key enablers and barriers. With the rise of algorithmically managed digital platforms, gig work faces unique challenges. The review aims to offer insights and guide future research on this evolving labour market segment.

Design/methodology/approach

Using Urie Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Systems framework, this study systematically reviews 83 research articles from leading journals over the past two decades. The framework helps organize and analyse the factors influencing gig work at various levels.

Findings

The review identifies upskilling opportunities and peer-to-peer networks facilitated by digital technologies as key enablers, while gaps in worker protections and regulatory oversight are significant barriers. Gaps in current research, particularly on the long-term impacts of gig work, are also highlighted.

Practical implications

The findings inform policymakers, platform managers and gig workers, providing strategies to address the evolving challenges of gig work. Policymakers can craft balanced regulations, while platforms can improve worker satisfaction and performance.

Originality/value

This study offers a novel contribution by applying Bronfenbrenner’s framework to synthesize gig work research. It provides a structured analysis of enablers and barriers and lays the foundation for future research in this field.